atcoder#ARC136F. [ARC136F] Flip Cells
[ARC136F] Flip Cells
Score : points
Problem Statement
We have a checkerboard with rows and columns, where each square has a 0
or 1
written on it.
The current state of checkerboard is represented by strings : the -th character of represents the digit in the square at the -th row from the top and -th column from the left.
Snuke will repeat the following operation.
- Choose one square uniformly at random.
Then, flip the value written in that square. (In other words, change
0
to1
and vice versa.)
By the way, he loves an integer sequence , so he will terminate the process at the moment when the following condition is satisfied.
- For every (), the -th row from the top contains exactly
1
s.
Particularly, he may do zero operations.
Find the expected value of the number of operations Snuke does, modulo .
Definition of the expected value modulo $998244353$
It can be proved that the sought expected value is always a rational number. Additionally, under the Constraints of this problem, when that value is represented as an irreducible fraction , it can also be proved that . Thus, there uniquely exists an integer such that $R \times Q \equiv P \pmod{998244353}, 0 \leq R < 998244353$. Find this .
Constraints
- is a string of length consisting of
0
,1
.
Input
Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:
Output
Print the answer.
1 2
01
0
3
The process goes as follows.
- With probability , a square with
1
is flipped. The -st row now contains zero1
s, terminating the process. - With probability , a square with
0
is flipped. The -st row now contains two1
s, continuing the process.- One of the squares is flipped. Regardless of which square is flipped, the -st row now contains one1
, continuing the process.- With probability , a square with1
is flipped. The -st row now contains zero1
s, terminating the process.- With probability , a square with
0
is flipped. The -st row now contains two1
s, continuing the process.
- With probability , a square with
- One of the squares is flipped. Regardless of which square is flipped, the -st row now contains one
1
, continuing the process. - With probability , a square with
1
is flipped. The -st row now contains zero1
s, terminating the process. - With probability , a square with
0
is flipped. The -st row now contains two1
s, continuing the process.
The expected value of the number of operations is .
3 3
000
100
110
0 1 2
0
2 2
00
01
1 0
332748127
5 4
1101
0000
0010
0100
1111
1 3 3 2 1
647836743