1 条题解

  • 2
    @ 2023-6-10 23:29:46

    原式 $= \displaystyle\sum_{i = 1}^n \sum_{j = 1}^n \lambda(\frac{ij}{\gcd(i, j)})$

    $ = \displaystyle\sum_{d = 1}^n \sum_{i = 1}^{\lfloor \frac{n}{d} \rfloor} \sum_{j = 1}^{\lfloor \frac{n}{d} \rfloor} [\gcd(i, j) = 1] \lambda(ijd)$

    $ = \displaystyle\sum_{d = 1}^n \sum_{p = 1}^{\lfloor \frac{n}{d} \rfloor} \mu(p) \sum_{i = 1}^{\lfloor \frac{n}{dp} \rfloor} \sum_{j = 1}^{\lfloor \frac{n}{dp} \rfloor} \lambda(ijdp^2)$

    推到这一步看上去不是很好搞了,考虑探究 λ\lambda 函数的性质。

    • λ\lambda 函数是完全积性函数

    证明:由于不去重,各个因数的贡献独立,于是命题显然成立。

    • nZ+\forall n \in Z^+λ(n2)=1\lambda(n^2) = 1

    证明:由于 λ\lambda 函数的值只可能为 ±1\pm 1,平方以后只能为 11

    原式 $= \displaystyle\sum_{d = 1}^n \sum_{p = 1}^{\lfloor \frac{n}{d} \rfloor} \mu(p) \sum_{i = 1}^{\lfloor \frac{n}{dp} \rfloor} \sum_{j = 1}^{\lfloor \frac{n}{dp} \rfloor} \lambda(i) \lambda(j) \lambda(d) \lambda(p^2)$

    $ = \displaystyle\sum_{d = 1}^n \lambda(d) \sum_{p = 1}^{\lfloor \frac{n}{d} \rfloor} \mu(p) (\sum_{i = 1}^{\lfloor \frac{n}{dp} \rfloor} \lambda(i))^2$

    问题转化为快速求出 λ\lambda 函数的前缀和。由于多组询问,显然不能直接上 Min_25 筛,但容易发现 λ\lambdaμ\mu 有一定相似之处,且我们可以杜教筛求出 μ\mu 函数的前缀和,不妨从这个角度考虑原问题。

    不难发现 μ(n)=μ2(n)λ(n)\mu(n) = \mu^2(n) \lambda(n),为了在 λ\lambdaμ\mu 间建立卷积关系,不妨令 f=λμf = \frac{\lambda}{\mu}(狄利克雷卷积意义下的除法),不难发现 f(n)f(n) 当且仅当 nn 为完全平方数时为 11,其他时候为 00

    于是我们设定杜教筛阈值 SS,预处理到 SS 并每次杜教筛求出 μ\mu 的前缀和,求答案时枚举范围内的完全平方数 / 二次数论分块并调用杜教筛即可。然而求解原式时的数论分块套数论分块还是要带来 O(Tn34)O(Tn^{\frac{3}{4}}) 的时间复杂度,仍然不能通过。

    T=dpT = dp,有:

    原式 $= \displaystyle\sum_{T = 1}^n (\lambda * \mu)(T) (\sum_{i = 1}^{\lfloor \frac{n}{T} \rfloor} \lambda(i))^2$

    我们已经可以快速求出 λ\lambda 函数的前缀和,于是我们可以杜教筛求出 λμ\lambda * \mu 的前缀和。

    设预处理阈值为 SS,则时间复杂度为 O(S+nS)O(S + \frac{\sum n}{\sqrt{S}}),当 S=(n)23S = (\sum n)^{\frac{2}{3}} 时取最优时间复杂度为 O((n)23)O((\sum n)^{\frac{2}{3}})

    代码:

    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <math.h>
    
    typedef unsigned int uint;
    typedef long long ll;
    typedef unsigned long long ull;
    typedef __uint128_t ulll;
    
    typedef struct Division_tag {
    	ulll a;
    	Division_tag(){}
    	Division_tag(ull mod){
    		a = (((ulll)1 << 64) + mod - 1) / mod;
    	}
    } Division;
    
    const int N = 2e7 + 7, M = 2e5 + 7;
    ll cur_n, sqrt_n;
    short mu[N], liouville[N], f[N];
    int prime[N], id1[M], id2[M];
    uint mu_sum[N], liouville_sum[N], f_sum[N], h1[M], h2[M], h3[M];
    ll number[M];
    bool p[N];
    Division inv_number[M];
    
    ull operator /(const ull &a, const Division &b){
    	return a * b.a >> 64;
    }
    
    inline void init1(){
    	int cnt = 0;
    	p[0] = p[1] = true;
    	mu[1] = 1;
    	liouville[1] = 1;
    	f[1] = 1;
    	for (register int i = 2; i < N; i++){
    		if (!p[i]){
    			prime[++cnt] = i;
    			mu[i] = -1;
    			liouville[i] = -1;
    			f[i] = -2;
    		}
    		for (register int j = 1; j <= cnt && i * prime[j] < N; j++){
    			int t = i * prime[j];
    			p[t] = true;
    			liouville[t] = -liouville[i];
    			if (i % prime[j] == 0){
    				mu[t] = 0;
    				f[t] = -f[i];
    				break;
    			}
    			mu[t] = -mu[i];
    			f[t] = -f[i] * 2;
    		}
    	}
    	for (register int i = 1; i < N; i++){
    		mu_sum[i] = mu_sum[i - 1] + mu[i];
    		liouville_sum[i] = liouville_sum[i - 1] + liouville[i];
    		f_sum[i] = f_sum[i - 1] + f[i];
    	}
    }
    
    inline ll sqrt(ll n){
    	ll ans = sqrt((double)n);
    	while (ans * ans <= n) ans++;
    	return ans - 1;
    }
    
    inline int init2(ll n){
    	int id = 0;
    	cur_n = n;
    	sqrt_n = sqrt(n);
    	for (register ll i = 1, j; i <= n; i = j + 1){
    		ll tn = n / i;
    		j = n / tn;
    		id++;
    		number[id] = tn;
    		inv_number[id] = Division(tn);
    		if (tn <= sqrt_n){
    			id1[tn] = id;
    		} else {
    			id2[j] = id;
    		}
    	}
    	return id;
    }
    
    inline int get_id(ll n){
    	return n <= sqrt_n ? id1[n] : id2[cur_n / n];
    }
    
    inline uint sqr(uint n){
    	return n * n;
    }
    
    int main(){
    	int t;
    	scanf("%d", &t);
    	init1();
    	for (register int i = 1; i <= t; i++){
    		int id;
    		uint ans = 0;
    		ll n;
    		scanf("%lld", &n);
    		id = init2(n);
    		for (register int j = id; j >= 1; j--){
    			if (number[j] < N){
    				h1[j] = mu_sum[number[j]];
    				h2[j] = liouville_sum[number[j]];
    				h3[j] = f_sum[number[j]];
    			} else {
    				ll t = sqrt(number[j]);
    				h1[j] = 1;
    				for (register ll k = 2, l; k <= number[j]; k = l + 1){
    					int tn_id = get_id(number[j] / k);
    					l = number[j] / inv_number[tn_id];
    					h1[j] -= h1[tn_id] * (l - k + 1);
    				}
    				h2[j] = 0;
    				for (register ll k = 1, l; k <= t; k = l + 1){
    					int tn_id = get_id(number[j] / k / k);
    					l = sqrt(number[j] / inv_number[tn_id]);
    					h2[j] += h1[tn_id] * (l - k + 1);
    				}
    				h3[j] = h2[j];
    				for (register ll k = 2, l; k <= number[j]; k = l + 1){
    					int tn_id = get_id(number[j] / k);
    					l = number[j] / inv_number[tn_id];
    					h3[j] -= h3[tn_id] * (l - k + 1);
    				}
    			}
    		}
    		for (register ll j = 1, k; j <= n; j = k + 1){
    			ll tn = n / j;
    			k = n / tn;
    			ans += sqr(h2[get_id(tn)]) * (h3[get_id(k)] - h3[get_id(j - 1)]);
    		}
    		printf("%u\n", ans);
    	}
    	return 0;
    }
    

    信息

    ID
    281
    时间
    5000ms
    内存
    512MiB
    难度
    5
    标签
    (无)
    递交数
    36
    已通过
    17
    上传者